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Current projects as of 07/21/2025:

Interesting chemicals synthesized (i.e. a "trophy case") :

Lost a large beaker, reason unknown.

07/21/2025

Trying to dehydrate potassium phosphate in a 1500ml beaker when it suddenly massively cracked all the way through. Since most of the salt was solid, I did not actually lose any of it, but I don't think I can get it out of the beaker without sending the bottom off. Oh well.

The interesting thing is, the beaker never went above 150C, and is also Corning Pyrex? I'm really doubting the reliability of where I bought these, since I bought a 4-pack. Maybe there was some invisible damage during shipping, which is incredibly worrying for future usage of the other 3 beakers in the box. At this point, I might even try to look through a polarizing filter and anneal the rest at this point if I see any residual stress pattens.

Besides damage during shipping or counterfeit glass, the first possibility which comes to mind was obviously thermal shock. However, I very doubt this. The beaker was never suddenly heated or cooled, and was on a temperature-controlled ceramic hot plate that has served me well for years. But maybe hot spots formed due to some areas of the potassium phosphate fully dehydrating, which would lead to thermal shock?

My other guess is due to the phosphate ion. It's well known hot phosphoric acid etches glass, so analogously the large concentration of phosphate ions somehow intercalated into the glass of the beaker at high temperatures, causing uneven expansion in the crystal structure and explosion? Or is it from the potassium ions intercalating the smaller sodium ions, similar to the manufacture of tempered glass? The reason I don't fully believe this is because of the relatively low temperatures in the beaker.

So it's a unknown reason. Hopefully, this doesn't happen when I'm working with anything corrosive or toxic in those beakers. Always be cautious of even reliable glassware suddenly exploding.

Cracked beaker

Cracked beaker

Successful production of sodium!!

07/16/2025

I finally managed to make a small amount of sodium metal! It's only around 2 grams or so, but I can scale this up for future runs decently easily. I'm going to make more and use this to make some alkoxides for a Claisen condensation, planning to synthesize acetylacetone soon to make some nice metal complexes.

Small beads of liquid sodium in mineral oil

Drops of molten sodium in mineral oil

electrolysis-produced sodium failure

07/10/2025

Recently I tried making sodium through adding anhydrous AlCl3 to propylene carbonate, planning to form a very soluble Na[AlCl4]- complex in propylene carbonate which can be electrolyzed to plate out sodium metal. Unfortunately, the first addition of AlCl3 turned the propylene carbonate to brown tar. Chemistry is evil.